Cynthia A. Trowbridge, Ph.D., ATC, LAT, CSCS
http://hdl.handle.net/10106/26269
2024-03-29T10:28:05ZDeveloping a Health Communication Intervention for Caregivers of Youth Athletes
http://hdl.handle.net/10106/26276
Developing a Health Communication Intervention for Caregivers of Youth Athletes
Trowbridge, Cynthia; Patel, S. J.; Boyton, S. T.; Hedman, T. M.
Abstract presented at the June 2016 NATA Clinical Symposia & AT Expo in Baltimore, Maryland as
part of the NATA Foundation Free Communications Program. Free Communications, Poster Presentations: Communication and Athletic Training Administration
Baltimore Convention Center, Swing Hall; Thursday, June 23; Friday, June 24; Saturday, June 25.
2016-06-23T00:00:00ZA Model for a Policy on HIV/AIDS and Athletics
http://hdl.handle.net/10106/26275
A Model for a Policy on HIV/AIDS and Athletics
Bitting, Laurie A.; Trowbridge, Cynthia
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected athletes exist at the collegiate level and are engaging in competitive sports, as was revealed by a 1993 NCAA survey. Unfortunately, there is a void when the issue of policy for the HIVpositive athlete and his or her participation rights at the
collegiate level is addressed. Given the controversial nature of
opinion on HIV and the resultant acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), it is recommended that a policy be in place
for an HIV-infected athlete before it is needed. Ithaca College
has recently developed such a policy, and it is offered here to
other educational institutions as a model. It is emphasized
throughout the policy that HIV-positive athletes should not be
restricted from athletic participation for the reason of infection
alone, that strict confidentiality guidelines should be followed,
and that mandatory testing of athletes for HIV is not justified.
1996-12-01T00:00:00ZSurface Electromyographic Amplitude-to-Work Ratios During Isokinetic and Isotonic Muscle Actions
http://hdl.handle.net/10106/26274
Surface Electromyographic Amplitude-to-Work Ratios During Isokinetic and Isotonic Muscle Actions
Purkayastha, Sushmita; Cramer, Joel T.; Trowbridge, Cynthia; Fincher, A. Louise; Marek, Sarah M.
Context: Isokinetic and isotonic resistance training exercises
are commonly used to increase strength during musculoskeletal
rehabilitation programs. Our study was designed to examine the
efficacy of isokinetic and isotonic muscle actions using surface
electromyographic (EMG) amplitude-to-work ratios (EMG/WK)
and to extend previous findings to include a range of isokinetic
velocities and isotonic loads.
Objective: To examine work (WK), surface EMG amplitude,
and EMG/WK during concentric-only maximal isokinetic muscle
actions at 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300/s and isotonic muscle
actions at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque during leg extension
exercises.
Design: A randomized, counterbalanced, cross-sectional, repeated-measures design.
Setting: A university-based human muscle physiology research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Ten women (mean age
22.0 2.6 years) and 10 men (mean age 20.8 1.7 years)
who were apparently healthy and recreationally active.
Intervention(s): Using the dominant leg, each participant
performed 5 maximal voluntary concentric isokinetic leg extension exercises at randomly ordered angular velocities of 60,
120, 180, 240, and 300/s and 5 concentric isotonic leg extension exercises at randomly ordered loads of 10%, 20%, 30%,
40%, and 50% of the isometric MVIC.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Work was recorded by a Biodex
System 3 dynamometer, and surface EMG was recorded from
the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles (vastus lateralis,
rectus femoris, and vastus medialis) during the testing and was
normalized to the MVIC. The EMG/WK ratios were calculated
as the quotient of EMG amplitude ( Vrms) and WK (J) during
the concentric phase of each exercise.
Results: Isotonic EMG/WK remained unchanged (P .05)
from 10% to 50% MVIC, but isokinetic EMG/WK increased (P
.05) from 60 to 300/s. Isotonic EMG/WK was greater (P
.05) than isokinetic EMG/WK for 50% MVIC versus 60/s, 40%
MVIC versus 120/s, and 30% MVIC versus 180/s; however,
no differences were noted (P .05) between 20% MVIC versus
240/s or 10% MVIC versus 300/s. An 18% decrease in active
range of motion was seen for the isotonic muscle actions, from
10% to 50% MVIC, and a 3% increase in range of motion for
the isokinetic muscle actions from 60 to 300/s was also observed. Furthermore, the peak angular velocities for the isotonic
muscle actions ranged from 272.9 to 483.0/s for 50% and 10%
MVIC, respectively.
Conclusions: When considering EMG/WK, peak angular velocity, and range of motion together, our data indicate that maximal isokinetic muscle actions at 240/s or controlled-velocity
isotonic muscle actions at 10%, 20%, or 30% MVIC may maximize the amount of muscle activation per unit of WK done during the early stages of musculoskeletal rehabilitation. These results may be useful to allied health professionals who
incorporate open-chain resistance training exercises during the
early phases of rehabilitation and researchers who use isotonic
or isokinetic modes of resistance exercise to examine muscle function.
2006-01-01T00:00:00ZIs Direct Supervision in Clinical Education for Athletic Training Students Always Necessary to Enhance Student Learning?
http://hdl.handle.net/10106/26273
Is Direct Supervision in Clinical Education for Athletic Training Students Always Necessary to Enhance Student Learning?
Scriber, Kent; Trowbridge, Cynthia
Objective: To present an alternative model of supervision
within clinical education experiences.
Background: Several years ago direct supervision was
defined more clearly in the accreditation standards for athletic
training education programs (ATEPs). Currently, athletic
training students may not gain any clinical experience without
their clinical supervisors being physically present so that the
supervisors may intervene at any point if necessary. Although
we do not disagree with the spirit of this requirement, we
present information regarding the changing generation of
students and the importance of developing strong
professionals who will represent our field in the ever-changing
allied health care arena.
Clinical Advantages: W e believe student learning may take
place without direct supervision and that a system of guided
autonomy with meaningful and dynamic reflection may better
prepare the student for the future. W e feel that limited aspects
of an athletic training student’s clinical experience may not
always need direct supervision. If students are performing
skills that are not in violation of any professional practice acts,
their interest and learning may increase with a guided
autonomy model, as opposed to direct supervision. For
example, once an athletic training student has mastered skills
like taping, stretching, and initiating an emergency action
plan, they should be able to effectively and safely perform
these aspects without direct supervision. W e suggest that
students may continue to learn, and benefit from an
educational standpoint, while gaining a limited portion of their
experiential learning requirement without direct supervision.
2009-01-01T00:00:00Z